写作模板
按 [静态/动态] × [图表类型] 分类的通用写作框架，包含开头改述、Overview 和数据描述模板
静态类 × 表格（单个时间点）写作模板
基于 1 篇文章总结，随着更多同类文章的积累将进一步完善
要点：① 用 illustrates 替换题目中的 shows / gives information on；② 用 percentage / amount / number 明确数据类型，避免题目原文的 "information on"；③ 用 across 而非 including 引导范围，更紧凑；④ 切勿盲目使用 "different" 等修饰词，除非图表有多个时间点或类型差异；⑤ 数清楚类别数量、对象数量，不可出现 "seven types" 这类事实错误
要点：① 两个维度覆盖——"全局最大/最小类别" + "某对象在多数类别中领先"；② 不出现具体数字；③ 使用 accounted for / received the smallest share 标准占比搭配；④ "led in X of the Y categories" 精确表达部分领先，避免 "in all categories" 这类易出错的泛化
主体段一（第一组 / 主要类别 + 次要类别对比）：
Regarding [类别A], [极值对象] recorded the highest percentage at [数据], followed by [第二名] at [数据]. By contrast, [最低对象] had the lowest figure at just [数据], while [中间对象1] and [中间对象2] fell in between at [数据] and [数据] respectively. For [类别B], most [单位] stood at a broadly close level of around [数据], whereas [异常对象] ranked first at [数据].主体段二（第二组 / 剩余类别）：
As for [类别C], this was the least popular category in all [数量] [单位]. [领先对象] still led with [数据], whereas [最低对象] had the smallest proportion at just [数据]. The remaining [数量] [单位] — [列举] — spent a similar amount of roughly [数据].要点：① 固定衔接词序列：Regarding → By contrast → while → For → whereas → As for → whereas → The remaining；② 数据引用固定搭配 recorded the highest percentage at / had the lowest figure at just / stood at / fell in between at / ranked first at；③ 中间数值用 respectively 明确对应；④ 用破折号嵌入同位语列举剩余对象；⑤ 当多个数据接近时，用 "stood at a broadly close level of around" 避免重复报数
静态类 × 堆叠柱状图（双活动 × 多群体 × 多时段）写作模板
基于 1 篇文章总结，专门用于"两种活动 × 多个群体（如性别） × 多个时间段"型堆叠柱状图（stacked bar chart）。⚠️ 识图关键：每根柱子总高度 = 该群体参与该活动的总参与率（如男生玩游戏 = 85%）；柱子内部 3 段堆叠 = 在已参与者中按时长（<1h / 1-3h / 4h+）的分布；柱子总高度 ≠ 100%，这是与"分组并列柱状图"最关键的区别
要点：① **the stacked bar chart** 直接点明"堆叠柱状图"——这是与一般柱状图的核心区分标识；② 用 illustrates 替换题目中的 shows；③ 用 "the percentage of X who spend different amounts of time on..." 精确描述图表本质；④ 用 "broken down by gender" 在结尾点明分组维度，比 "for male and female" 嵌入主语更紧凑；⑤ 切勿用 "how many time"（time 不可数）这类初级表达；⑥ **题目术语必须精准复用**——题目说 games consoles 就不能写 video games / computer games / game consoles
要点：① ⚠️ **一一对应原则（Task 1 高分核心结构）**——Overview 的两个核心点必须**与 Body 1 / Body 2 严格映射**：Body 1 写哪个活动，Overview 第一句就概括哪个活动；Body 2 写哪个活动，Overview 第二句就概括哪个活动。读者读完 Overview 应能预判 Body 结构；② 第一句概括"差异较小活动"（fairly comparable + majority for short periods），直接对应 Body 1 即将展开的两个数据维度（参与率接近 + 时长内部分布）；③ 第二句概括"差异显著活动"（striking divide + far more likely + longer hours），直接对应 Body 2 即将展开的三个数据维度（参与率对比 + 主导群体时长累加 + 弱势群体远低）；④ **By contrast** 在 Overview 第二句和 Body 2 段首两次使用，形成首尾呼应；⑤ **far more likely than** vs **more likely than** 准确呈现"显著差异"vs"略有差异"的程度区别；⑥ **不出现具体数字**，符合 Overview 规范；⑦ **错误结构示例**（应避免）：Overview 第 1 句写"两活动整体接近"+ 第 2 句写"性别镜像"——这是按维度划分而非按活动划分，与按活动分段的 Body 不对应
主体段一（活动1：差异较小的活动）：
In terms of [活动1], [All 总参与率]% of all [对象] reported [活动动名词], with [略高群体] noticeably more involved than [略低群体] at [数据]% and [数据]% respectively. The most common duration for both [群体类别] was [最高时段], accounting for [数据]% of [群体] and [数据]% of [群体]. Only a small minority of [对象] [动词过去时] for [极值时段], namely [数据]% of [群体] and just [数据]% of [群体].主体段二（活动2：差异显著的活动）：
By contrast, [活动2 名词，如 gaming habits] show a striking [分组维度] divide. As many as [高参与群体数据]% of [高参与群体] [动词过去时] on [活动名], compared with only [低参与群体数据]% of [低参与群体]. Among [高参与群体], [数据]% [动词] for [中间时段] and a further [数据]% for [极值时段], meaning that [累计描述，如 over half / around three-quarters] of all [群体] spent at least [时段] [活动 -ing] each [时间单位]. [低参与群体]' figures were far lower, with [数据]% [动词 -ing] for [中间时段] and a negligible [极小数据]% [动词 -ing] for [极值时段].要点：① **双段分配策略**——一种活动一段，互不混合（不要 Body 1 写一半活动1再跳到活动2，否则信息重复）；② 固定衔接序列：In terms of → with...respectively → The most common duration for both → Only a small minority...namely → By contrast → show a striking divide → As many as...compared with only → Among + 主语...a further...meaning that over half → Girls' figures were far lower, with...negligible；③ **比例引用阶梯**：As many as / compared with only / a further / meaning that over half / around three-quarters / namely + just / a negligible——多样化避免重复；④ **meaning that over half + spent at least an hour** 是从分组百分比累加得出宏观结论的高分句式，是 7+ 分作文标志；⑤ **negligible** 描述极低值（如 1%）的高分修饰；⑥ **数据准确性**——读图时优先看每根柱子的总高度（参与率）和每段的高度差（时长占比），不要把 "Y 轴 90%" 误读为"组内合计 100%"
动态类 × 流程图（生命周期/循环流程）写作模板
基于 1 篇文章总结，随着更多同类文章的积累将进一步完善
要点：① 用 illustrates 替换 shows；② 加入 "the various stages in the..." 明确流程图本质；③ 用同位语对主语做同义补充，避免与题目雷同
要点：① 覆盖三大维度——阶段 + 额外特征 + 循环性；② 用破折号嵌入阶段术语；③ 用 "thus completing a full cycle" 点明循环，直接触发 TA 高分；④ 如为非循环流程，将结尾改为 "before reaching the final [output]"
主体段一（前半流程）：
The process begins in [起始环境], where [对象] [被动动作，如 are laid / are produced] [方位介词短语] for [时间范围]. Once [状态变化过去分词，如 hatched / formed], [新阶段对象], now known as '[术语]' and measuring [尺寸], [动作，如 migrate downstream to] [下一环境]. In this [环境特征] environment, they remain for [时长].主体段二（后半流程 + 循环）：
Upon reaching [条件，如 a length of ...], [对象], at this point referred to as '[术语]', [动作] to [下一环境], where they spend [时长] [发育状态，如 maturing]. By the end of this period, they have grown into [最终阶段], with [尺寸数据]. These [最终阶段对象] then return to [起始环境] to [循环触发动作], and the [流程名] begins anew.要点：① 使用固定衔接序列 The process begins → Once [过去分词] → migrate/move → Upon reaching → By the end of this period → These...then；② 环境动作必须用被动语态（are laid, are hidden）；③ 使用分词结构（measuring, hatched, referred to as）压缩句子；④ 结尾的 "begins anew" 呼应 Overview 的 "full cycle" 形成首尾呼应
动态类 × 流程图（工业循环流程）写作模板
基于 1 篇文章总结，专门用于工业生产/回收等"原料 → 加工 → 成品 → 回到起点"型循环流程
要点：① 用 illustrates 替换题目中的 shows / presents；② 用 "main stages involved in" 强调"阶段性"特征；③ 在动名词前加修饰词（如 used / raw）使表达更精确，避免与题目雷同
要点：① 用冒号 + 三段式列举所有主要阶段，让 overview 一目了然；② 必须显式点明 "completing a full cycle"——这是工业循环流程拿 TA 高分的关键标志；③ 阶段描述用动名词短语保持语法一致性（the collection of... / their cleaning... / their reprocessing...）
主体段一（前半流程：收集 + 初步加工）：
In the first stage, [原料对象] are gathered at [起点位置], typically from [来源], before being transported by [运输方式] to [加工地点]. Following this, the [原料] are [加工动作1，如 washed with...] and [加工动作2，如 sorted by...] into [数量] categories: [类别1], [类别2] and [类别3].主体段二（后半流程：再加工 + 循环）：
In the final stage, the sorted [原料] are sent to [再加工地点], where they are [关键加工动作，如 melted in a furnace] and transformed into [中间产物]. This [中间产物] is then combined with [新原料] and poured into [模具/容器] to be shaped into [成品]. Finally, the freshly made [成品] are returned to [起点对象] for resale, and the cycle begins anew.要点：① 固定衔接序列 In the first stage → before being transported → Following this → In the final stage → This X is then → Finally → and the cycle begins anew；② 全段保持被动语态（are gathered / are washed / are melted / are returned）符合流程图惯例；③ 用 "transformed into" 表达"形态转化"，"combined with" 表达"原料融合"——这两个动词是工业流程的高频高分搭配；④ 结尾的 "the cycle begins anew" 与 Overview 的 "completing a full cycle" 首尾呼应，是循环流程拿高分的固定收束
动态类 × 折线图 写作模板
基于 2 篇文章总结（2 线图交叉型 + 4 线图多国对比型），模板已覆盖折线图两大子类
要点：① 用 illustrates 替换题目中的 shows；② between...and 替换 from...to；③ 如有多个类别，可先概括再列举（如 "in four European countries — A, B, C, and D"）
要点：① 概述段不包含具体数字；② 概括 2-3 个最显著的趋势/特征；③ 如有交叉点，这是必须提及的关键特征；④ 用 Notably / In addition 引出第二个特征
主体段一（起始数据 + 收敛/交叉前）：
In [起始年], the number of [较高的类别] stood at approximately [数据], which was the highest figure for either category. This figure then [趋势，如 fell consistently], reaching roughly [数据] by [结束年]. [较低的类别] began lower, at around [数据] in [起始年], and also [趋势] to meet [另一类别] at approximately [数据] in [交叉年].主体段二（交叉后至结束）：
Following the intersection, [类别] experienced [趋势描述，如 dramatic volatility]. In [年份], the figure [plummeted / surged] to [its lowest/highest point of approximately 数据], before [rebounding sharply / declining] to around [数据] in [年份]. Meanwhile, [另一类别] continued [their gradual descent/ascent], remaining [below/above] [另一类别] for most of this later period.要点：① 用 stood at approximately / reaching roughly / at around 交替引用数据；② 用 plummeted, rebounding, volatility 等高级词汇描述剧烈变化；③ 用 Meanwhile 在段末补充另一条线的走势作为对比；④ 如有交叉点，可作为分段依据
动态类 × 折线图（多条线 + 历史 + 预测）写作模板
基于 1 篇文章总结，专门用于"4 条及以上线 + 含预测数据"型折线图，重点处理排名变化和历史/预测时态区分
要点：① 沿用 "The line graph illustrates..." 固化开头模板；② 用破折号嵌入国家名称同位语，比 "including" 更精确；③ **必须补充 "with projections provided for X and Y"**——当题目明确指出"含预测"时，改述段必须保留"预测"这一关键信息，否则信息遗漏；④ 注意国家名冠词：the Philippines 必须带 the，Malaysia / Thailand / Indonesia 不带 the
要点：① 两个 Notably 级特征——"整体共同趋势 + 主导对象的领先时间锚点"；② 用 "the figure for X" 固定搭配专指某一国家的数据，避免 figures 复数引起的歧义；③ 必须确保主题词与图表一致——如图为"城市化率"则用 urbanisation rate，不可写成 population；④ 不出现具体数字
主体段一（时间序列 + 排名变化）：
In [起始年], all [数量] [对象类别] recorded their lowest [主题值], and all are projected to reach their peak by [结束年]. Over the following decades, [某对象的变化], until around [关键时间点] when [对象A] surpassed [对象B] at approximately [数据] and maintained its top ranking thereafter. The figure for [对象C] rose steadily, overtaking [对象D] in around [年份] and [对象E] in around [年份] to become the second-highest. [其他对象]'s figure grew rapidly at first and then reached a plateau between [年份范围], although it is expected to rise rapidly again from [预测起点] to [预测终点].主体段二（起止排名快照）：
In [起始年], [起点第一名] was the most [主题形容词] of the [数量] [对象类别], with just over [数据]%, followed by [第二名] ([数据]%), [第三名] ([数据]%), and [第四名] ([数据]%). Although the figures fluctuated noticeably between [前期范围], no further ranking changes are predicted from [后期起点] to [后期终点]. By the end of the period, [终点第一名] is expected to have the largest proportion at over [数据]%, followed by [第二名] at around [数据]%, [第三名] at about [数据]%, and [第四名] at just [数据]%.要点：① **双段结构**——Body 1 走"时间轴 + 排名变化"，Body 2 走"起止快照"，两段互补而不重复；② 固定衔接序列：In [起始年] → Over the following decades → until around [关键年份] → The figure for X rose steadily, overtaking... → Although... → By the end of the period；③ **时态规则**：历史数据用过去时，预测数据用 "is/are expected to / projected to"，不能用 was expected；④ **数据引用阶梯**：起始值用 "just over [N]%"，中间值用 "at approximately [N]%"，预测值用 "at over [N]%" / "at around [N]%" / "at about [N]%" / "at just [N]%" 呈现梯度；⑤ **国家名冠词**：the Philippines 带 the，其他国家名不带 the
组合类 × 三图组合（饼图 + 表格 + 柱状图）写作模板
基于 1 篇文章总结，专门用于"静态比例（饼图 + 表格）+ 动态趋势（柱状图）"型组合图，重点处理多图段落分配和饼图/表格内部呼应
要点：① 必须**精确点出三种图表名称**（pie chart, table and bar chart），切勿用笼统的 "The diagrams"——这是组合图与单图改述的核心区别；② 用 illustrating 引导出三个并列同位语短语，每个短语对应一种图表，结构对称；③ 时间锚点必须完整——主时间点（如 2016）和动态范围（如 2007-2016）都要点到；④ 切勿使用 various data / different information 等含混表达
要点：① **双层概括原则**——组合图涉及多种数据（动态 + 静态、比例 + 趋势），Overview 必须**同时抓出每种数据的最显著特征**；② 第一句覆盖动态层（柱状图趋势），用 "rose / fell considerably over the X-year period"；③ 第二句覆盖静态层（饼图 + 表格），用 In addition 衔接；④ 静态层概括如能跨越饼图和表格两种图表（如"成人在两个维度都占主导"），是 7+ 分水准的高级概括；⑤ 不出现具体数字
主体段一（动态柱状图：起止 + 中间过程）：
In [起始年], [主语，如 the total number of loans] started at its lowest point, standing at roughly [起始数据], before climbing to approximately [结束数据] by [结束年]. The figure rose steadily until [早期拐点], after which it fluctuated slightly between [波动范围], before rising again to reach its peak in the final year.主体段二（静态饼图 + 表格：先饼图 → 桥接 → 表格 → 内部规律）：
Looking at the pie chart and table for [时间点], around [合计数据]% of [对象] were [主导类别], with those aged [起始年龄] to [结束年龄] forming the largest group at [数据]%, while [次要子类] accounted for a further [数据]%. The remaining members were [剩余对象] ([数据]%) and [剩余对象] aged [年龄范围] ([数据]%). A similar pattern was observed in [表格主题]: [主导类别]-related items made up roughly [数据]% of all [对象], compared with [数据]% for [次要类别] and only [数据]% for [第三类别]. Within both categories, [共同最大子类] was clearly the most popular, with [子类a] and [子类b] each accounting for [数据]%, whereas [最小子类a] and [最小子类b] were the least borrowed, at just [数据]% and [数据]% respectively.要点：① **双段分配策略**——动态数据（柱状图）独立成段，静态数据（饼图 + 表格）合并成段；② **柱状图四点必含**：起点（lowest point at...）、上升（climbing to）、波动（fluctuated slightly between）、终点（peak in the final year）；③ **饼图/表格桥接句**——用 "A similar pattern was observed in..." 是组合图专属高分句式，建立两类静态数据的内在呼应；④ **表格内部规律**——用 "Within both categories, X was the most popular" + "whereas Y were the least borrowed" 抓出表格行/列的核心规律；⑤ **年龄固化搭配**——[名词] aged [起始] to [结束]；[名词] aged [年龄] and over；⑥ **比例介词固化**——at X%（不能写 in X%）；⑦ **respectively** 用于明确多个数据的对应顺序